66 An Examination of Racial Disparities on Dementia Types in the Black Community

Abstract

Objective:There is limited and inconsistent research exploring diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of dementias amongst Black Indigenous People of Color (BIPOC). By 2050, it is suspected that the White population will significantly decrease and BIPOC groups will comprise the majority of the US population yet BIPOC are historically underrepresented in dementia research. Prior research indicates apolipoprotein 4 allele (APOE-4) status is associated with a greater risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease in Black individuals when compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Investigating the racial disparities in dementia will expand our knowledgebase of risk for dementia types in the Black community to better meet the evergrowing population needs. The current study explored the impact of racial identity on global cognitive functioning, independent of age, education, and APOE e4 status.Participants and Methods:Participants were drawn from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study and consisted of five pairs of Black and White individuals (n = 10) matched based on age, education, and APOE status. Global cognitive performance was measured by the total Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score. Notably, only five Black individuals in phase 1 of ADNI met inclusion criteria. It was hypothesized Black individuals would be more cognitively impaired than their White counterparts. A matched pairs t-test was utilized to examine the relationship between global cognitive performance and race.Results:Black and White individuals’ MMSE scores did not significantly differ (p > .05). The mean MMSE performance of White participants (26.40) was less robust than Black participants (27.80). Findings are inconsistent with current research, indicating that BIPOC individuals are disproportionately impacted by AD, with increased severity of cognitive impairment. There is a profound need for more research in preventative interventions and recruitment of BIPOC individuals who have been historically marginalized in cognitive research trials to help better understand diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of AD in BIPOC.Conclusions:The observed commensurate global cognitive functioning performance between matched Black and White individuals is not consistent with prior research findings demonstrating increased risk of developing dementia amongst BIPOC. This study’s small sample size reflects a significant barrier to detecting clinically meaningful differences. Efforts to address the recruitment crisis, underreporting, cultural influences, and overall mistrust of research among BIPOC is warranted. Inclusive research is critical to dismantling health disparities.