Abstract
Acute and chronic disorders of the elbow are frequently observed in both recreational and professional athletes, particularly athletes who participate in sports that involve throwing. Clinicians most frequently evaluate athletes in throwing-related sports who have elbow pathology related to overuse injuries, including ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency, valgus extension overload syndrome, and epicondylitis. However, acute elbow trauma may affect athletes in all sports. These acute injuries most commonly include elbow fractures/dislocations after falls onto an outstretched hand. When an elbow contracture develops, nonoperative management in the form of physical therapy and, in some cases, bracing are the first line treatments. If those modalities fail, surgical intervention is sometimes considered. We discuss technical pearls and pitfalls when performing arthroscopic elbow release. In some severe cases, an open elbow release may be indicated. Heterotopic ossification and its prophylaxis should be considered in all elbow injuries and after elbow surgery.
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