Abstract
Hydrolysis of dietary fat starts in the stomach. We have recently shown that a lipase is secreted by glands isolated from the gastric mucosa of rabbit (Am. J. Physiol., 1985.) and man (Clin. Res. 1985.). Thus, hydrolysis of fat in the stomach is catalysed by two lipases of oral and gastric origin. The present studies characterize rabbit gastric lipase (GL) as compared to rat lingual lipase (LL). GL activity on tricaprylin (TC) was 25–30 times greater than on triolein (TO). The pH optimum for both substrates was 5.5–6.0. Addition of bile salts (17 mM) shifted the pH optimum to the left (0.5–1.0 pH unit) and, in general, significantly inhibited GL activity on TO. Taurodeoxycholate completely inhibited GL activity on TO at pH > 5.5, in marked contrast to its stimulatory effect on LL activity. During incubation with TO (90 min, pH 5.5), GL produces 35% more free fatty acids and 40% less monoglycerides than LL, suggesting a greater extent of complete lipolysis by GL. The data suggest that GL acts in the stomach and together with LL may be responsible for the significant preduodenal fat digestion in the newborn. (Supported by NIH grant HD-10823).
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