Abstract
This chapter describes the fundamental properties of powder metallurgy (PM) high-strength TiNi shape memory alloys with superelasticity and their medical application to stents used in minimally invasive treatments. Ni-rich TiNi SMAs showed a much higher stress plateau with enough of a shape recovery rate than conventional ingot metallurgy TiNi alloys used in commercial stent devices. The improvement of the plateau stress of TiNi alloys successfully reduced the thickness of the stent and resulted in the preparation of thin-walled stents with high radial expansion force. When inserting the stents made of PM TiNi alloy into the blood vessels of pigs, no change in the expanded stent profile was found. In-stent occlusion never occurred 28 days after the placement of the stents. They also had good biocompatibility and caused no physical damage to the vessels because of no significant inflammation in the stent samples.
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