Abstract

Painless photodynamic therapy (pPDT) to treat actinic keratoses (AK) involves application of a photosensitizer followed by immediate exposure to light; this causes little-to-no pain, yet results in effective lesion clearance by inducing long-term immune responses. In this investigation, we show that pretreatment of AK lesions with 5-fluorouracil (5FU), a popular chemotherapeutic agent with immune-modulatory effects, causes significant enhancement of PDT-related immune responses in 5FU-treated lesions.

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