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Abstract
Since the early nineties countless publications have reported promising medicinal applications for [60]fullerene (C60) related to its unparalleled affinity towards free radicals. Yet, until now no officially approved C60-based drug has reached the market, notably because of the alleged dangers of C60. Nevertheless, since the publication of the effects of C60 on the lifespan of rodents, a myriad of companies started selling C60 worldwide for human consumption without any approved clinical trial. Nowadays, several independent teams have confirmed the safety of pure C60 while demonstrating that previously observed toxicity was due to impurities present in the used samples. However, a purity criterion for C60 samples is still lacking and there are no regulatory recommendations on this subject. In order to avoid a public health issue and for regulatory considerations, a quality-testing strategy is urgently needed. Here we have evaluated several analytical tools to verify the purity of commercially available C60 samples. Our data clearly show that differential scanning calorimetry is the best candidate to establish a purity criterion based on the sc-fcc transition of a C60 sample (Tonset ≥ 258 K, ∆sc-fccH ≥ 8 J g−1).
Highlights
Since the early nineties of the last century [60]fullerene (C60 ) [1], the most abundant fullerene, has attracted intense interest in the field of biomedical applications [2,3,4,5,6] due to its unique properties.Dozens of well-characterized C60 -derivatives have been synthetized and proposed for many biomedical applications [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
In order to further investigate their crystallinity we examined the samples by electron microscopy
C60 samples were placed in pierced aluminum pans and an empty pan was used as a control
Summary
Since the early nineties of the last century [60]fullerene (C60 ) [1], the most abundant fullerene, has attracted intense interest in the field of biomedical applications [2,3,4,5,6] due to its unique properties.Dozens of well-characterized C60 -derivatives have been synthetized and proposed for many biomedical applications [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. One of the most investigated properties in the field of biomedical applications is the unparalleled affinity of C60 for radicals [7,8]. The reported activities for C60 and its derivatives during the last two decades range from anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects to protection against ionizing-radiation-induced mortality and neuroprotection, through limitation of acne vulgaris and even the potentiation of hair growth [2,3]. Most of these beneficial effects are related to its ability to scavenge free radicals. Several independent teams from different countries, using a large panel of experimental models, have demonstrated that various synthetic compounds with the C60 moiety in common can promote and sustain
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