Abstract
Background and objective: Real-time compressed sensing cine (CSrt) provides reliable quantification for both ventricles but may alter image quality. The aim of this study was to assess image quality and the accuracy of left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, ejection fraction and mass quantifications based on a retrogated segmented compressed sensing 2D cine sequence (CSrg). Methods: Thirty patients were enrolled. Each patient underwent the reference retrogated segmented steady-state free precession cine sequence (SSFPref), the real-time CSrt cine and the segmented retrogated prototype CSrg sequence providing the same slices. Functional parameters quantification and image quality rating were performed on SSFPref and CSrg images sets. The edge sharpness, which is an estimate of the edge spread function, was assessed for the three sequences. Results: The mean scan time was: SSFPref = 485.4 ± 83.3 (SD) s (95% CI: 454.3–516.5) and CSrg = 58.3 ± 15.1 (SD) s (95% CI: 53.7–64.2) (p < 0.0001). CSrg subjective image quality score (median: 4; range: 2–4) was higher than the one provided by CSrt (median: 3; range: 2–4; p = 0.0008) and not different from SSFPref overall quality score (median: 4; range: 2–4; p = 0.31). CSrg provided similar LV and RV functional parameters to those assessed with SSFPref (p > 0.05). Edge sharpness was significantly better with CSrg (0.083 ± 0.013 (SD) pixel−1; 95% CI: 0.078–0.087) than with CSrt (0.070 ± 0.011 (SD) pixel−1; 95% CI: 0.066–0.074; p = 0.0004) and not different from the reference technique (0.075 ± 0.016 (SD) pixel−1; 95% CI: 0.069–0.081; p = 0.0516). Conclusions: CSrg cine provides in one minute an accurate quantification of LV and RV functional parameters without compromising subjective and objective image quality.
Highlights
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the reference standard method for quantification of volumes, ejection fraction (EF) and mass of left (LV) and right ventricles (RV) [1,2,3].Reliable volumes assessment is required since EF has a strong prognostic value regarding clinical outcomes and survival [4,5,6]
The 30 patients (22 men, 8 women; mean age: 48.0 ± 21.0 (SD) years; 95% confidence interval (CI): 40.2–55.9 years) were referred for: heart valve disease (n = 7/30; 23.3%), ischemic cardiopathy (n = 5/30; 16.7%); dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 5/30; 16.7%), myocarditis (n = 5/30; 16.7%), left ventricular hypertrophy (n = 5/30; 16.7%) and infiltrative cardiomyopathy (n = 3/30; 10%)
SSFPref mean scan time was 485.4 ± 83.3 (SD) s while CS-accelerated SSFP real-time sequence (CSrt) scan scan time was 23.9 ± 5.2 (SD) s and CS-fashioned acceleration requiring three breath-holds (CSrg) scan time was 58.3 ± 15.1 time was 23.9 ± 5.2 (SD) s and CSrg scan time was 58.3 ± 15.1 (SD) s (SD) s (p < 0.0001)
Summary
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the reference standard method for quantification of volumes, ejection fraction (EF) and mass of left (LV) and right ventricles (RV) [1,2,3].Reliable volumes assessment is required since EF has a strong prognostic value regarding clinical outcomes and survival [4,5,6]. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the reference standard method for quantification of volumes, ejection fraction (EF) and mass of left (LV) and right ventricles (RV) [1,2,3]. Besides steady-state free precession cine images essential for quantification, phase contrast angiography, gadolinium enhanced imaging, and additional sequences may be recommended depending on heart conditions, leading to an extended scan time, which may be difficult to handle for patients suffering from cardiac-related shortness of breath, since multiple breath-holdings are required for the acquisition [7]. To reduce acquisition time, compressed sensing (CS) has recently been applied to magnetic resonance imaging, especially CMR [8]. Contrary to most medical images, the signal must be compressible
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