6 - Utility of biogenic nanomaterials for rejuvenation of heavy metals

Abstract

Environmental pollution has become a global challenge, which is growing rapidly due to rapid urbanization, modern agricultural practices, and industrialization. Heavy metals are considered the main pollutants in the case of soil and aquatic pollution. Researchers have given wide attention toward the remediation of heavy metals due to their adverse environmental impacts and nonbiodegradability. Heavy metals can enter the food chain through bioaccumulation and have the potential to transform into toxic and carcinogenic compounds. As a result of intense research and development, nanotechnology has emerged as a key to resolve environmental challenges. Biogenic nanomaterials are considered safer and more environmentally friendly than those synthesized from physical and chemical methods. These biogenic nanomaterials can be utilized in various ways such as adsorption, transformation, and photocatalysis for remediation of heavy metals. Interactions of microorganisms with metals have been studied by various researchers for extraction of metals as well as bioremediation from contaminated sites. This chapter provides a brief explanation of synthesis of biogenic nanomaterials and their application for the remediation and revitalization of heavy metals.