Abstract
It is obvious that Louis Althusser based his ideology-theory on essential aspects of Gramsci's analyses of civil society and hegemonic apparatuses. The ideological state-apparatuses (ISA) reproduce the relations of production under the 'shield' (bouclier) of the repressive state-apparatuses. Althusser's main attention was directed to the ways in which the ISA achieve ideological subjection under the bourgeois state. The methodological point of departure for the ISA essay, first published in 1970, was the question concerning the 'reproduction of the conditions of production', that is, on the one hand, of the commodity of labour power, on the other, of the relations of production. Althusser's 'point of view of reproduction' has often been criticised as 'functionalism', that is, as a view from above that disregards the actual contradictions and struggles in social institutions.Keywords: functionalism; ideological state-apparatuses (ISA); ideological subjection; ideology-theory; Louis Althusser
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