Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of the Internet layer protocols. The Internet layer is not populated by a single protocol, but rather by a collection of protocols, including the Internet protocol (IP), Internet control message protocol (ICMP), address resolution protocol (ARP), reverse address resolution protocol (RARP), and routing protocols such as RIP, OSPF, BGP-4, etc. The IP is at the core of the TCP/IP suite, and is primarily responsible for routing packets toward their destination, from router to router. This routing is performed on the basis of the IP addresses, embedded in the header attached to each packet forwarded by IP. This chapter also explains the basic operation of all Internet layer protocols including IP, ARP, RARP, and ICMP. It explains the purpose and application of the different fields in the IPv4 header and how to invoke the protocols and capture their headers with a protocol analyzer. The fragmentation capability of IPv4 using a protocol analyzer, The differences between class A, B, and C addresses, and the relationship between class numbers, network ID and host ID are explained.
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