Abstract
The phenolic compound [6]-Gingerol, isolated from Zingiber officinale, has been demonstrated to have antitumor activity for different types of malignant tumours. Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among males worldwide, being the second leading cause of cancer death in men. In the present study, we investigated the antitumor action of [6]-Gingerol on a human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP). Our data shows that [6]-Gingerol treatment induced a dose-dependent decrease in the cell viability. Compared with the vehicle control, the cell viabilities were 79.90 ± 3.56% and 53.06 ± 7.82% when the LNCaP cells were exposed to 150 μg/mL and 300 μg/mL of [6]-Gingerol, respectively. The treatment of LNCaP with 300 µM of [6]-Gingerol led to a significant reduction (~25%) on the clonogenic survival of these cells. Furthermore, [6]-gingerol acted as a radiosensitizer for LNCaP cells. The pretreatment of these cells with [6]-Gingerol significantly enhanced the killing effects of ionizing radiation with a dose enhancement ratio of 1.25. Our results demonstrate the anti-tumour activities of [6]-Gingerol. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
Highlights
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent malignancy and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in the world [1]
Radical prostatectomy combined with radiotherapy (RT) is standard treatment for clinically localized PCa
The follow materials were used: Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 (RPMI-1640) media; foetal bovine serum (FBS); penicillin and streptomycin both purchased from Life Technologies (Waltham, MA USA); CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) obtained from Promega (Madison, WI, USA); dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and [6]-Gingerol purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Missouri, MO, USA); and LNCaP cells (CRL-1740TM) obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC®)
Summary
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent malignancy and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in the world [1]. The choice of treatment modality depends on the stage of the disease and the patients clinical conditions [2]. Radical prostatectomy combined with radiotherapy (RT) is standard treatment for clinically localized PCa. a significant percentage of RTtreated patients develop locally persistent or recurrent tumours [3, 4]. Herbal medicine involves the treatment of disease based on the use of plants and plant extracts [5]. A large number of clinical studies have reported the therapeutic benefits of herbal medicines in combination with conventional therapeutics for the treatment of cancer patients [6,7,8]. [6]-Gingerol has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumour activities [9, 11,12,13]. We investigated the anticancer properties of [6]-Gingerol in human PCa cells
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