6 - Dual use research

Abstract

The convergence of enhanced scientific and technological advancement in the life sciences coupled with the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and the subsequent anthrax mailings led to a call for action to consider dual use research issues and enhanced biosecurity. This prompted the generation of a number of reports by various distinguished bodies to examine dual use research in the life sciences. This chapter examines the US Government’s response including the establishment of an advisory body, the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity, as well as rulemaking and policies for institutions for dealing with dual use research of concern. The role of the Institutional Biosafety Committees (IBCs) in the oversight of research with certain high-consequence pathogens and toxins, risk assessments, interactions with scientists, implementation of mitigation measures (where applicable), biosecurity, a shared responsibility for oversight of dual use research, and finally promoting responsible communication and education, is discussed.