Abstract
The chapter presents several techniques for creating anaerobic conditions and quantifying anaerobic microbial activities in soils. It discusses sampling, transport, and storage of anaerobic soils, as well as redox potential measurement. Anaerobic conditions and testing are also explained, including preparation of oxygen-free gases, preparation of anaerobic solutions, and achieving anaerobic conditions and anaerobic testing. The chapter also covers the assay of the anaerobic ammonification, assay of dissimilatory nitrate reductase activity, and assay of denitrification. It further explains the process of anaerobic nitrate reduction and presents the methods to estimate nitrate reductase, nitrate ammonification, and denitrification in anaerobic soil and sediment. Nitrate reduction in sediments and waterlogged soil measurements and techniques have also been explained. The chapter also describes the iron (lll) reduction test. The test was designed to determine the effects of environmental chemicals on the bacterial activity in soils. In addition to being an easy and reproducible method, the iron (lll) reduction test covers both the activity of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The chapter further explains the bacterial sulfate reduction in waterlogged soils techniques and measurements.
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