Abstract
Design of each successor mobile technology assures improved and advanced functionality features compared to its predecessor. Machine Learning and generally Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming necessity for further expansion of the beyond 5G mobile world. AI-assisted IoT services, data collection, analytics and storage should become native in the beyond 5G era. 5G introduces New Radio (NR) in sub-6 GHz bands and also in mmWave bands above 24 GHz, network virtualization and softwarization, which means that Next Generation Core and 5G NR access network are built by using different functions in split user and control planes that introduces the network slicing approach. Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) and Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC), that are provided via separate network slices as logically separated network partitions are the key 5G services that constantly will increase the traffic volume and the number of connected devices. Terahertz and visible light communication and fundamental technologies like compressed sensing theory, new channel coding, large-scale antenna, flexible spectrum usage, AI-based wireless communication, special technical features as Space-Air-Ground-Sea integrated communication and wireless tactile network are few of the novelties that are expected to become a common network standard available beyond 2030.
Highlights
This paper covers the technological aspects of 5G mobile networks and gives early 6G viewpoints, toward the generation networks
The time scale of 5G deployments is directly influenced by the availability of sub-6GHz spectrum bands for enhanced Mobile Broadband services, availability of affordable 5G handsets which support the 5G bands as defined by the ITU’s WRC (World Radiocommunication Conference) 2019, as well as user adoption of 5G technology, and operator’s ability to deploy nationwide 5G coverage
Different mobile generations are available on the telecom market, starting with 2G (e.g., Global System for Mobile communication (GSM)), via 3G (e.g., UMTS) and 4G (e.g., LTE/LTE-Advanced/LTE-Advanced Pro) to 5G deployments
Summary
This paper covers the technological aspects of 5G mobile networks and gives early 6G viewpoints, toward the generation networks. 4G systems are enhanced version of 3G networks that offer enhanced data rate and are capable to handle advanced multimedia services It operates in spectrum of 0.4 up to 6 GHz with Turbo channel coding in bandwidth of 1.4 up to 20 MHz. OFDM modulation was used as downlink waveform and SCFDMA as uplink waveform. Non-Stand-Alone (NSA) network architecture (Fig. 3) is a concept that allows operators to deploy 5G cells that will depend entirely on existing LTE network for all control functions and add-on services. The time scale of 5G deployments is directly influenced by the availability of sub-6GHz spectrum bands for enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services (which are the expected front “runner” for the 5G), availability of affordable 5G handsets which support the 5G bands as defined by the ITU’s WRC (World Radiocommunication Conference) 2019, as well as user adoption of 5G technology (which is mainly driven by the telcos and end-user equipment availability and process), and operator’s ability to deploy nationwide 5G coverage.
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