Abstract
The C-Band (3.4 - 4.2 GHz) is a cornerstone for many satellite services including Fixed Satellite Service (FSS), in particular above 3.6 GHz. The large geographic coverage of C-band satellite beams represents a cost-effective communication solution, while its robustness to weather impairments makes C-band the most suitable band to guarantee high service availability. On the other hand, C-band has long been a top candidate for the deployment of 5G-cellular systems because it is a mid-band spectrum, blending the signal reach of lower bands with the capacity of higher bands. The potential assignment of C-band to the 5G cellular systems is seen as a threat by the satellite operators, who are concerned about the interference that the 5G-cellular system may cause to their services, potentially leading to service interruption and causing a serious economic impact. This paper presents the interference studies of 5G cellular systems operating in the below 6 GHz band in both the adjacent channel and co-channel scenarios. We present a detailed analysis for both 5G-celullar downlink and uplink, considering the impact of out-of-band emissions, potential Low-Noise Block (LNB) saturation at the FSS Earth station receiver and the consequences of the deployment of Active Antenna Systems (AAS) in the terrestrial Base Stations (BSs). The outcomes of this paper aim to shed some light to spectrum regulators and other related stakeholders regarding the impact of the future deployment of 5G-cellular systems in the FSS Earth station receivers operating in C-band. The paper also propose and evaluates potential techniques that can be applied to facilitate the coexistence of both systems, e.g. switching off critical emitters or backing-off their transmit power.
Highlights
In contrast to the today’s fourth generation (4G) of cellular networks, the upcoming fifth generation (5G) envisions to provide 1000 times increased capacity, 10-100 times higher data-rate, 10 times longer battery life, 5 times reduced endto-end latency and to support 10-100 times higher number of connected devices [1]
1) RESULTS WITH Low-Noise Block (LNB) MARGIN OF 25 dB The LNB interference saturation threshold is given by the maximum tolerable input power (i.e. −63 dBm) minus the margin, which in this case gives a threshold of −88 dBm
We sum up the aggregated interference over the overall 3.4-3.8 GHz band, which is illustrated in blue in Fig. 9, and the total interference is equal to −62.15 dBW, which is definitely above the LNB saturation threshold
Summary
In contrast to the today’s fourth generation (4G) of cellular networks, the upcoming fifth generation (5G) envisions to provide 1000 times increased capacity, 10-100 times higher data-rate, 10 times longer battery life, 5 times reduced endto-end latency and to support 10-100 times higher number of connected devices [1]. There are still several challenges to be addressed in meeting these requirements, and many industries and academia are putting significant efforts towards enhancing spectral efficiency, system throughput, energy efficiency and connectivity in future wireless networks. Demands of future 5G and beyond networks is the unavailability of usable radio spectrum, i.e., spectrum scarcity caused due to the fragmentation of the spectrum and the current static frequency allocation policy [2], [3]. The success of this technique in 5G systems heavily depends on the international and national regulatory bodies, as they are responsible to provide the new spectrum bands, to define the frequency coordination mechanisms, and operational guidelines for 5G deployment. In the context of Europe, the main representatives of the digital technology industry have recently released the 5G spectrum policy recommendations [7], which is in
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