595 ANALYSIS OF TOILET TRAINING METHOD AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF DYSFUNCTIONAL VOIDING

Abstract

You have accessJournal of UrologyPediatrics: Bladder Dysfunction - Myelodysplasia, Voiding Dysfnction, Enuresis1 Apr 2012595 ANALYSIS OF TOILET TRAINING METHOD AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF DYSFUNCTIONAL VOIDING Kelly Johnson, Philip Zhao, and Joseph Barone Kelly JohnsonKelly Johnson New Brunswick, NJ More articles by this author , Philip ZhaoPhilip Zhao New Brunswick, NJ More articles by this author , and Joseph BaroneJoseph Barone New Brunswick, NJ More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.672AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Toilet training methods fall under two categories: the child oriented approach and a more structured parent oriented method. In 1980, the mean toilet trained age varied from 25 to 27 months and, in 2003, it had increased to 36.8 (standard deviation = 6.1 months). Recent reports suggest that late toilet training may be more difficult for parents as the child is more likely to resist efforts to train. Reports suggest that problems including constipation, voiding dysfunction and infections might develop as a result. The potential association between the method used and the development of voiding dysfunction has never been examined. METHODS Cases consisted of children between the ages of 4 and 12 years who presented for pediatric urology consultation for urge incontinence. There were 215 subjects in total, consisting of 157 controls and 58 cases. Urge incontinence was used as our indicator of voiding dysfunction, rather than urgency alone, since an incontinent event is a less subjective variable than urgency without incontinence. Controls were recruited from a general pediatric practice in the same geographic area and consisted of children with no history of urge incontinence since the completion of toilet training. Cases and controls were matched for age, gender, race, household income, and education level of the mother. RESULTS A majority of cases and controls, 52% and 57.1% respectively, were toilet trained with the parent oriented method. The child centered approach was utilized by 31.3% of cases and 35.4 % of controls. A combination of both approaches was used by 16.7% of cases and 7.5% of controls. There was no statistically significant difference in the method of toilet training between cases and controls. That is, there was no association between voiding dysfunction and the toilet training method used by parents. CONCLUSIONS There is no correlation between the method used for toilet training and the development of dysfunctional voiding. Other physical and psychosocial factors, as well as the timing of training may play larger roles in forming normal voiding habits than the training method. While many parents experience guilt or fear of utilizing the wrong method, they should be informed that neither toilet training method is incorrect and neither approach is directly related to urge incontinence. © 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 187Issue 4SApril 2012Page: e242 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Kelly Johnson New Brunswick, NJ More articles by this author Philip Zhao New Brunswick, NJ More articles by this author Joseph Barone New Brunswick, NJ More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...