Abstract

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and highly metastatic neuroendocrine skin cancer. The majority of MCC tumors are virus positive (VP-MCC) and are associated with integrated Merkel cell polyomavirus, whereas the remainder of MCC are virus-negative (VN-MCC) tumors that are characterized by ultraviolet light associated mutations. Metastatic MCC is treated by immunotherapy or chemotherapy. Conventional chemotherapy is usually unbeneficial in MCC, and although immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy can be effective, it is contraindicated in many patients and others have disease progression despite immunotherapy.

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