Abstract
Due to the interaction between chromatic dispersion (CD) and direct detection, the CD induced power-fading effect has been considered as the key point to limit transmission rate and distance in intensity modulation direct-detection (IM/DD) systems. Besides, the performance of the IM/DD systems will be further affected by the bandwidth limitation and nonlinearity effect. In this paper, we propose a low complexity nonlinear equalizer (NLE) based on temporal convolutional neural network (TCNN) regression model which combines dilated convolutions with residual connections. Then, the performance of our proposed equalizer is experimentally demonstrated in 56-Gbit/s 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) intensity modulation direct-detection system. The results show that the receiver sensitivity with the help of our TCNN equalizer can be improved about 1.5 dB and 3.5 dB compared to 2D-CNN and 1D-CNN equalizer under 70-km single mode fiber (SMF) transmission. Furthermore, the proposed equalizer can extend maximum transmission distance to 100 km at bit error rate threshold of 3.8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−3</sup> .
Highlights
D RIVEN by the growing demands for bandwidthconsuming applications (e.g., cloud computing, Internet of Things (IOT) and artificial intelligence-intensive services and so on), higher-speed access network would be required for meeting the increasing data traffic
We have proposed a low complexity nonlinear equalizer (NLE) based on temporal convolutional neural network (TCNN) with an excellent ability of impairment equalization which is an extension of our previous work [13]
The results show that the receiver sensitivity with the help of our proposed TCNN equalizer can be improved about 1.5 dB and 3.5 dB compared to two-dimensional (2D) convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and one-dimensional (1D) CNN equalizer under 70-km single mode fiber (SMF) transmission
Summary
D RIVEN by the growing demands for bandwidthconsuming applications (e.g., cloud computing, Internet of Things (IOT) and artificial intelligence-intensive services and so on), higher-speed access network would be required for meeting the increasing data traffic. Compared with other mainstream technology solutions applied in access network, intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) with low cost and power consumption has obtained a lot of attentions [1]–[3]. The single-end photodetector which has been applied to detect intensity information is considered as the key receiver component of IM/DD systems. In order to improve system capacity, various advanced intensity modulation formats are introduced, such as discrete multi-tone (DMT) [4], Manuscript received May 6, 2021; revised June 15, 2021; accepted June 21, 2021.
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