5582690 Method of and means for water desalinization

Corrosion experience data bank system for desalination and power plants (corex)

Experience with plate-and-frame ultrafiltration and hyperfiltration systems for desalination of water and purification of waste water

Research progress of sodium super ionic conductor electrode materials for capacitive deionization

Desalination of brackish water by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the presented object, namely mineral waters in the modern world have a huge potential and play an important role in farming, the coal industry, and in many other fields of life. Mineral water desalination technologies also affect the environment, so there are requirements for improving the methods of recycling brines and regenerative solutions in the desalination of water, due to which it is possible to make a substantial contribution to meeting the requirements of a number of consumers. The purpose of the study is to conduct an experiment, as a result of which recommendations will be made to eliminate errors and improve the quality of various methods of desalination of mineral waters and prevent the problem of disposal of brine, which, when discharged into reservoirs or evaporative sites, substantially worsen the ecological situation. Among the methods used are analytical, experimental, functional, statistical, classification, synthesis. In the course of the study, the features of mineral waters were noted, errors that were made during treatment, and the causes of their occurrence were analysed, and difficulties in the field of coal industry enterprises were analysed: the formation of water, its composition, properties, and degree of impact on the environment. It is important to understand the possibilities of various methods that allow choosing the best technological modes of operation of water treatment processes and successfully solving environmental problems with minimal consumption of reagents, water, and its discharge to the external environment. The practical value lies in the fact that the results obtained can be useful for the industry where mineral resources are extracted and processed, for researchers engaged in the development of new desalination methods, and can substantially reduce production costs and ensure the ecology of the process.

Desalination and disinfection of inland brackish ground water in a capacitive deionization cell using nanoporous activated carbon cloth electrodes

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the presented object, namely mineral waters in the modern world have a huge potential and play an important role in farming, the coal industry, and in many other fields of life. Mineral water desalination technologies also affect the environment, so there are requirements for improving the methods of recycling brines and regenerative solutions in the desalination of water, due to which it is possible to make a substantial contribution to meeting the requirements of a number of consumers. The purpose of the study is to conduct an experiment, as a result of which recommendations will be made to eliminate errors and improve the quality of various methods of desalination of mineral waters and prevent the problem of disposal of brine, which, when discharged into reservoirs or evaporative sites, substantially worsen the ecological situation. Among the methods used are analytical, experimental, functional, statistical, classification, synthesis. In the course of the study, the features of mineral waters were noted, errors that were made during treatment, and the causes of their occurrence were analysed, and difficulties in the field of coal industry enterprises were analysed: the formation of water, its composition, properties, and degree of impact on the environment. It is important to understand the possibilities of various methods that allow choosing the best technological modes of operation of water treatment processes and successfully solving environmental problems with minimal consumption of reagents, water, and its discharge to the external environment. The practical value lies in the fact that the results obtained can be useful for the industry where mineral resources are extracted and processed, for researchers engaged in the development of new desalination methods, and can substantially reduce production costs and ensure the ecology of the process.

Transparent exopolymer particles: Potential agents for organic fouling and biofilm formation in desalination and water treatment plants

The integration of desalination plants and mineral production

Nowadays, utilizing nanomaterials into polymeric membranes is being studied in many applications to make better the physicochemical behaviors of membrane in serious conditions and to improve the separation efficiency of them. The unique attributes of nanocomposite ion-exchange membranes in water desalination may be a vital step to overcome the challenges in making clean water around the world. This study will focus on novel nanocomposite ion-exchange membranes for the application in electrodialysis process related to water recovery, treatment, and desalination. In particular, heterogeneous ion-exchange membrane is investigated. The role of incorporating nanomaterials into the matrix of ion-exchange membrane on their physical and electrochemical characteristics in water desalination is discussed.

Recovering waste heat of a solar hybrid power plant using a Kalina cycle and desalination unit: A sustainability (emergo-economic and emergo-environmenal) approach

This chapter addresses the description and thermodynamic analysis for the integration of desalination plants into the power cycle described in Chap. 4. The systems chosen for this study combine a Concentrating Solar Power plant using parabolic-trough collector technology for electricity generation with various desalination plants, giving rise to what is known as a parabolic-trough concentrating solar power and desalination (PT-CSP + D) plant. The description of the PT-CSP plant, based on the Andasol-1 (Blanco-Marigorta et al., 2011) commercial plant, is detailed in Chap. 4, showing all the model equations. The desalination technologies selected to combine with the PT-CSP plant were multi-effect distillation (MED) and reverse osmosis (RO), as discussed in Chap. 1. On one hand, the simultaneous production of water and electricity using an RO plant connected to a CSP plant seems the simpler option. On the other hand, the integration of a low-temperature MED (LT-MED) plant is an interesting alternative because it allows replacement of the conventional power-cycle condenser by using exhaust steam as the thermal energy source for the desalination plant. However, to satisfy demand, while providing a certain performance, the LT-MED plant inlet temperature should be around 70 °C (corresponding to 0.031 bar absolute), meaning that the steam does not completely expand through the turbine and therefore the power-cycle efficiency is low compared with a stand-alone electricity-generating plant. This is the reason why another alternative to the MED plant, MED with thermal vapour compression (TVC), is considered. In this case, the steam expands completely in the turbine until it reaches the permitted value for the condenser conditions. However, part of the steam circulating through the turbine is extracted and used as high-pressure steam; this, together with the low-pressure steam coming from one of the MED effects, generates the inlet steam required in the first stage of the desalination plant. Moreover, in this study, a new concept of CSP + MED plants is evaluated (which, until now, has not been studied in published works), a thermally fed LT-MED plant with steam coming from a thermocompressor (LT-MED + TVC). In this case, the low-pressure steam (the entrained vapour) used by the thermocompressor comes from the exhaust steam of a PT-CSP plant instead of one of the MED effects. In each of the systems studied, desalinated water production is evaluated as well as the power and efficiency of the dual thermal solar power and desalinated water cycle.

Impact of seawater desalination and wastewater treatment on water stress levels and greenhouse gas emissions: The case of Chile

In light of the water and energy crises around the world in general and Libya in particular, and the constant endeavor to provide visions and solutions to resolve these crises. This study is one of the efforts to contribute to this topic, as the study aims to increase the efficiency of a desalination plant that operates with gas turbines. The study aims to increase the efficiency of the total plant (the desalination plant that operates with turbines) by using part of the exhaust gas resulting from operating the turbines in the presence of a combined cycle. The study also aims to clarify how this can be applied to raise the efficiency of the total station, taking into account achieving the highest efficiency, the lowest cost rate, and the lowest environmental pollution rate while maintaining the default for the station. This was done through different methodologies, as the descriptive method was used. To describe the variables and data, the quantitative and scientific methodology in collecting data, determining the applied framework, and the comparison methodology in comparing the results. The analysis methodology was also used to analyze and evaluate the results. The results indicated that the best way to raise the station's overall efficiency is to use the combined cycle with a higher percentage of exhaust gas. The obtained efficiency is 34.5%, with a total cost of 20% and an emissions rate of 35%, while maintaining the plant's life span as 35% of the exhaust gas was used. Keywords: desalination plant; Gas turbines; exhaustive Gas; combined cycle; efficiency; pollution rate; life Span.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia obtains the most desalination water from the Red Sea. In Saudi Arabia, 14 desalination plants receive water from the Red Sea, and three are located in the country’s east and rely on the Arabian Gulf. The study has observed 16 desalination plants out of 17 desalination plants in the kingdom. Most of the desalination plants in Saudi Arabia currently use the advanced technologies to produce potable water with less impact on the surrounding environment. The current study examined the variation of hydrographic parameters along all available desalination plants in Saudi Arabia. This is the first inter-annual database of hydrographic parameters in the last 4 years. The peak salinity was measured at the Duba desalination plant in 2020, and it was 67.2 ppt. During 2018, the Azizia desalination plant reported the lowest value of 36.8 ppt. The maximum temperature recorded at the Qunfudah desalination plant in 2019 was 34.6°C. In 2017, the minimum temperature was 19.1°C at the Jubail desalination plant. The level of dissolved oxygen and pH were likewise not significantly changed along the brine outflow and in the outfall, in contrast to temperature and salinity. On the basis of 4 years’ of data from observed desalination facilities, the current study sheds light on the less environmental impact with regard to hydrographic factors.