乌鲁木齐市54a来冬季气候变化特征分析

Abstract

根据乌鲁木齐市1961~2015年的气温、降水和日照资料，利用统计学方法分析了乌鲁木齐市近54a来冬季气象因子年际及年代际变化特征，结果表明：①54a年来乌鲁木齐市冬季的平均气温、平均最高气温与平均最低气温均呈明显的上升趋势，升温速率分别为0.64℃/10a、0.49℃/10a和0.86℃/10a，其中以冬季平均最低气温的增幅最大。②1990s以前冬季的平均气温、平均最高气温与平均最低气温均呈现逐年代上升的趋势，1990s为54a来冬季最暖的时段。③54a年来乌鲁木齐市冬季降水量呈明显的增多趋势，增幅为6.75 mm/10a；2000s为54a来冬季降水量最多的时段。④54a年来乌鲁木齐市冬季日照时数与气温相反，呈显著的减少趋势，减幅为31.7 h/10a。1990s以前冬季日照时数呈现逐年代下降的趋势，1990s为54a来冬季日照时数最少的时段，之后呈现逐年代上升的趋势。 According to the data of temperature and precipitation and Sunshine hours in Urumqi City from 1961 to 2015, in this paper the annual and inter annual variation characteristics of meteorological factors are analyzed by using statistical methods. The results showed that the average temperature and average maximum temperature and mean minimum temperature in winter in Urumqi city in recent 54 years showed a clear upward trend, heating rates were 0.64˚C/10a, 0.49˚C/10a and 0.86˚C/10a, which in the increase of average minimum temperature in winter was the largest. Secondly, in winter, the average temperature, average maximum temperature and average minimum temperature showed a rising trend by year before 1990s, the winter in 1900s is the warmest period for 54 years. Thirdly, the precipitation in the winter in Urumqi city in recent 54 years showed an obvious increasing trend, the growth rate was 6.75 mm/10a, and the most precipitation in winter appeared in the 2000s. Finally, compared with the temperature in winter, the change characteristics of the sunshine duration in winter in Urumqi City were contrary and showed a significant decreasing trend; its decrease rate was 31.7 h/10a. The 1990s was a period of the least sunshine hours in winter in recent 54 years.