Abstract
Ultrasound in combination with microbubbles (sonoporation) has recently acquired much attention in the field of gene delivery. The mechanism by which ultrasound mediates cellular delivery has been ascribed as cavitation. Cavitation is the alternate growing and shrinking of microbubbles as a result of the high and low pressure waves of the ultrasound. Eventually, these cavitating microbubbles can also implode due to these high pressure waves.The cavitation and especially the implosion of microbubbles generate local shock waves and microjets that can temporally perforate the cell membrane. However, a major limitation of the currently available microbubbles is that they have a short lifetime, and neither bind or protect the therapeutic DNA against nuclease. Consequently, the aim of this work was to develop ultrasound responsive microbubbles which can bind and protect DNA against nucleases. We developed new microbubbles by coating classic albumin microbubbles with a cationic charged polymer via the layer-by-layer technique.
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