Abstract
This index article by Dr C. Walton Lillehei, and colleagues describes the 30-year outcomes in patients who underwent repair of congenital heart defects at the University of Minnesota with the use of cross-circulation between parent and patient [1]. The article and discussion contain important lessons for cardiothoracic surgeons. First, the article highlights the importance of innovation based on extensive laboratory research. The use of the parent as the “pump oxygenator” followed years of animal laboratory experience, particularly the observation of improved survival with low-flow cross-circulation compared with early pump oxygenators.
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