油质体在5种蚁播植物种子散布中的作用研究

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 油质体在5种蚁播植物种子散布中的作用 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201312172970 作者: 作者单位: 华中师范大学生命科学学院,华中师范大学生命科学学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(31170310); 国家标本平台教学标本子平台项目(http://mnh.scu.edu.cn) The role of elaiosome in seed dispersal of five ant-dispersed herbaceous plants Author: Affiliation: College of Life Sciences,Central China Normal University,College of Life Sciences,Central China Normal University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:蚁播植物种子上常附着有蚂蚁喜食的油质体,该物体可吸引蚂蚁取食或为蚂蚁提供钳着位点从而影响种子散布。为进一步揭示油质体在种子散布中的作用,在野外研究了4属5种典型蚁播植物包括小花宽瓣黄堇(Corydalis giraldii Fedde)、假刻叶紫堇(C. pseudoincisa C. Y. Wu)、白屈菜(Chelidonium majus L.)、紫花堇菜(Viola grypoceras A. Gray)和柔毛淫羊藿(Epimedium pubescens Maxim.)其相应的搬运蚂蚁即玉米毛蚁(Lasius alienus (Foerster))和尼特纳大头蚁(Pheidole nietneri Emery)对植物完整种子(SE)、去除油质体的种子(S)和粘有人工模拟油质体的种子(S+H)的搬运行为和搬运效率。结果显示,蚂蚁对相同植物3类种子的触碰和检查次数均无显著差异。蚂蚁对种子的尝试搬运次数除玉米毛蚁对小花宽瓣黄堇、假刻叶紫堇和白屈菜去除油质体的种子(S)显著高于完整种子(SE)和粘有人工模拟油质体的种子(S+H)外,其它的均无显著差异。玉米毛蚁对小花宽瓣黄堇、假刻叶紫堇、白屈菜和紫花堇菜以及尼特纳大头蚁对小花宽瓣黄堇、假刻叶紫堇和紫花堇菜完整种子(SE)的搬运效率显著高于粘有人工模拟油质体的种子(S+H)和去除油质体的种子(S),此外,玉米毛蚁对小花宽瓣黄堇粘有人工模拟油质体的种子(S+H)的搬运效率显著高于去除油质体的种子(S)。这说明玉米毛蚁在搬运小花宽瓣黄堇种子过程中油质体不仅起到吸引作用,而且起到钳着位点作用;玉米毛蚁在搬运假刻叶紫堇、白屈菜和紫花堇菜以及尼特纳大头蚁搬运小花宽瓣黄堇、假刻叶紫堇和紫花堇菜种子过程中油质体仅起到吸引作用。研究表明油质体可通过对蚂蚁起吸引作用,或同时起吸引和钳着位点的双重作用等影响种子散布,油质体的影响作用不但取决于植物种类,也与搬运蚂蚁的种类有关。 Abstract:Ant-dispersed plants usually produce seeds with appendages (elaiosomes), which are beneficial to ants. It is generally accepted that seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory) is mediated by the presence of elaiosome that lures ants to transport the diaspores. Several hypotheses have related removal of seeds to nutritional needs of ants, and others have argued the importance of possible handles (i.e. structures that ants can grasp) in transporting by ants. To clarify the functional role of the elaiosome, ant behavior and seed removal rate were assessed by presenting simultaneously three types of items including entire seeds with elaiosome (SE), seeds without elaiosome (S), and seeds with an artificial "handle" glued to seeds (S+H) from five myrmecochorous species from four genera, i.e. Corydalis giraldii Fedde, Corydalis pseudoincisa C. Y. Wu, Chelidonium majus L., Viola grypoceras A. Gray, and Epimedium pubescens Maxim. to their two corresponding dispersing ants including Lasius alienus (Foerster) and Pheidole nietneri Emery in the nest surroundings in the field. Among the five studied plants, we found that the seed size of E. pubescens was significantly larger than that of Corydalis giraldii (P < 0.05). Both the seed weight and elaiosome weight of E. pubescens was the largest, and the elaiosome/seed mass ratio of C. giraldii was the highest. In addition, we found that no significant differences existed in the ant ‘Antennate’, ‘Examine’, and ‘Pick-up attempt’ behaviors among the three types of seeds from each plant species, excluding L. alienus, in which ‘Pick-up attempt’ of the S by ants was greater than that of both SE and S+H in Corydalis giraldii, Corydalis pseudoincisa, and Chelidonium majus plants. For the three types of seeds from each plant species, the removal rate of SE was significantly greater than that of both S+H and S in Corydalis giraldii, Corydalis pseudoincisa, Chenopodium majus, and V. grypoceras by ant L. alienus and in Corydalis giraldii, Corydalis pseudoincisa and V. grypoceras by ant Ph. nietneri. In addition, the removal rate of S+H was significantly greater than that of S in Corydalis giraldii by ant L. alienus. The results indicated that the presence of elaiosomes on seeds might influence ant behavior and their seed removal rate either by serving as an attractant for ants or by both acting as a handle and serving as an attractant for ants. The results further showed that the role of elaiosomes strongly varied depending on the species of each partner in ant-mediated seed dispersal process. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献