Abstract
Medical X-ray diagnosis, even nowadays, is mostly based on conventional techniques such as film–screen combinations, storage phosphor plates, or an X-ray image intensifier-TV system (XRII-TV). But digital solid states detectors have begun penetrate into the market. Different systems are currently in use in X-ray-based imaging systems. All of imaging systems try optimally using the benefit of information obtained from passing X-rays through the human body. The main preference is on the best image quality (including high spatial resolution) and the minimal X-ray dose of the patient. Undoubtedly, the latter is of prime importance. Reasonably that advances in thin films technology permitted the development of large area flat-panel solid-state detectors of X-rays based on a-Si and a-Se various diagnostic purposes, e.g., in radiography, fluoroscopy, mammography, and computed tomography. Advances in active matrix array flat panels for displays over the last decade have led to the development of flat-panel X-ray image detectors. Recent flat-panel detectors have shown image quality exceeding that of X-ray film/screen cassettes. They can also permit the instantaneous capture, readout, and display of digital X-ray images and enable the clinical transition to digital radiography. There are two general approaches to flat-panel detector technology: (i) direct and (ii) indirect conversion. The present chapter outlines the operating principles for direct-conversion detectors based on the use of photoconductors. It formulates and reviews the required X-ray photoconductor properties for such applications and examines to what extent potential materials fulfil these requirements. The quantum efficiency, X-ray sensitivity, noise, and detective quantum efficiency factors are discussed with reference to current and potential large area X-ray photoconductors.
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