Abstract
This chapter explains why governments tax and spend in the manner that one observes. The role of government in the economy is not limited to its tax and spending activities. Public policy also defines property rights, enforces contracts, regulates business activities, and often imposes price floors for various products. In recent years, government regulatory activities have expanded substantially. In fact, some economists argue that government expenditures are not an adequate measure of the economic significance of the public sector because they fail to register fully the importance of regulatory actions. Nonetheless, taxation and government expenditures are the most direct means by which the government influences the economy.
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