Abstract
This chapter introduces the structures and principles of power electronic circuits, and also the principles of pulse width modulation (PWM). The push-pull circuits amplify the current capability and are often used in audio amplifiers. A high-gain linear amplifier can be integrated, such as a power operational amplifier, in addition to the current capability enhancement. Voltage or current followers can be constructed with external resistor circuits. Switched-mode amplifiers enhance efficiency. The heat sinks are much smaller because the losses in the power devices are reduced and therefore, switched-mode amplifiers are compact in dimension so that the cost is low. Hybrid amplifiers take advantage of linear and switched-mode amplifiers. The push-pull transistors operate at low current as a linear amplifier but at high current they operate in switched mode. Transistor amplifiers with push-pull circuits can be integrated into one package with the differential amplifiers. General-purpose operational amplifiers can drive output currents between 10 and 30 mA. However, the rated current for a power operational amplifier is usually between 1 and 10 A. Normally, an effective cooling method is required to operate at the rated current. In most cases, de-rating is necessary to match the heat sinks and airflow.
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