Abstract
The new generation of magnetic gels and elastomers represents a new type of composite, consisting of small (mainly nano-sized) magnetic particles dispersed in a high elastic polymeric matrix. The particles couple the shape of the elastomer to the external magnetic fields. Since the particles cannot leave the polymer matrix, all of the forces acting on the particles are transmitted directly to the polymer chains resulting in either locomotion or deformation. Shape distortion occurs instantaneously and disappears abruptly when external fields are applied or removed, respectively. The combination of magnetic and elastic properties leads to a number of striking phenomena that are exhibited in response to impressed magnetic fields. Giant deformational effect, tuneable elastic modulus, non-homogeneous deformation and quick response to magnetic field open new opportunities for using such materials for various applications.
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