5-Alpha-Reductase 2 Deficiency in Newborns: A Review

Artem Artemev ,Gopikumar Ms ,Narasimha Prasad Vijayashankar ,Anastasia Pougno

doi:10.37506/ijop.v8i1.18

Artem Artemev , Gopikumar Ms + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.37506/ijop.v8i1.18

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Abstract

Disorders of sex development (DSD) are mostly associated with gender ambiguity at birth and poses a real challenge in diagnosis. 5 alpha reductase 2 deficiency (5AR2D) is one such DSD associated with deficiency of a key male sex hormone called as Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) due to lack of 5 alpha reductase type 2 enzyme which converts testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone. This hormone is very vital for the development of external genitalia during embryogenesis, and the deficiency leads to partial or abnormal male external genitalia in the affected neonate. 5AR2D is due to mutation in steroid-5- alpha-reductase, alpha polypeptide 2 (SRD5A2) genes on chromosome 2, band p23. Clinical presentation of these children vary from normal male genitalia to a completely female genitalia. 5AR2D is associated with deficiency of DHT and normal or increased testosterone levels. Most of the children with 5AR2D are raised as females and gender conversion to male happens at around puberty due to masculine and voice changes caused by testosterone. Early diagnosis is beneficial in treating this problem. Elevated testosterone: DHT ratio with administration of beta human chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) is the gold standard test in diagnosis of this defect. Most patients of 5 alpha reductase 2 deficiency are considered infertile, but with recent advancements in assisted reproductive techniques a few 5AR2D have been successful in giving birth to their offsprings.&nbsp

Highlights

Disorders of sex development (DSD) are a group of pediatric disorders associated with inconformity of gonads, chromosomes and external genitalia
In 46, XY DSD the primary sex organ is most of the affected individuals is testes, but associated with a deficiency in sex hormones or abnormal response of the individuals to the sex hormones
SRD5A2 genes regulate the production of an important enzyme called as DHT which is involved in conversion of Corresponding author: Gopikumar MS, Associate Professor, department of Physiology, Xavier University School of Medicine, Aruba No 5, Brebastraat, Ponton, Oranjestad, Aruba Email: gshivaramaiahmd@xusom.com testosterone to DHT

Summary

Introduction

DSD are a group of pediatric disorders associated with inconformity of gonads, chromosomes and external genitalia. In majority of 46, XY DSD, if the Y chromosome is normal and the primary sex organ is tests, the major mutations are seen in either androgen receptor or in SRD5A2 genes. 46, XY DSD, that too 5AR2D pose a major challenge for the parents and physicians of such individuals, as they must navigate the disorder, correctly diagnose it and manage it to preserve the quality of life.

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