4D Flow MR Imaging for Pulmonary Hypertension

Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25 mmHg or higher as detected by right heart catheterization. It is broadly classified into 5 categories based on the etiology. Various imaging modalities are used to evaluate patients with or suspected of pulmonary hypertension. Transthoracic echocardiography is the most frequently used modality for detecting pulmonary hypertension. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is indicated during examination, since it allows for comprehensive image analysis of morphology, cardiac function, and hemodynamics in the great arteries. The recently developed 4D Flow MRI can visualize three-dimensional pulmonary vascular flow and measure advanced hemodynamic parameters. The degree of vertical flow in the pulmonary trunk may be a key aspect that reflects pulmonary hypertension. 4D Flow MRI can highlight the value of MRI for the clinical diagnosis and management of patients with pulmonary hypertension.