488 Surgical Site Infection After Hand Trauma Surgery in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Abstract Aim In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most common post-operative complication. Associated with increased morbidity and mortality, they impose a significant financial burden on patients. A recent meta-analysis found the overall SSI risk following hand trauma surgery is 5-10%. In this study a top-up-search and re-analysis was performed to establish SSI risk in the context of countries’ income classification. Method Our PRISMA-compliant systematic review searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL and clinicaltrials.gov to identify studies reporting SSI rates in adults undergoing hand or wrist surgeries for trauma. Studies were grouped by country-of-origin using World Bank income classifications. Meta-analysis of proportions was performed using R and risk of bias was evaluated. Results Of 11,056 screened s, 236 studies were included. None originated from low-income countries (LICs), 40 came from LMICs (16.9%), 48 from upper middle-income countries (UMICs) (20.3%) and 148 from high-income countries (HICs) (62.7%). Of LMIC studies, 70.0% were at high risk of bias, compared to 47.7% of UMIC and 31.1% of HIC studies. Meta-analysis demonstrated SSI risk in LMIC studies as 7.9% [95%CI 6.3-9.9], UMIC studies as 6.3% [95%CI 4.4-8.8] and HIC studies as 4.5% [95%CI 3.5-5.8]. Conclusions No studies were identified from LICs, perhaps indicative of the limited hand surgery capacity. Reduced research was found from MICs compared to HICs. We concluded that SSI risk following hand trauma appears lower in HICs compared to UMICs and LMICs but may be under-reported in MIC studies. Further research into hand trauma burden and outcomes in LMICs is required.