Abstract
Introduction: Pulmonary complications are a significant problem (20-30%) after oesophageal/gastric cancer (OGC) surgery, resulting in a fourfold increase in mortality. These are attributed to inadequate lung inflation and reduced cough effort secondary to shallow breathing, diaphragmatic splinting, prolonged immobilisation and impaired muco-ciliary clearance. Incentive spirometry in the preoperative period may increase the capacity and ability of patients to clear secretions and therefore reduce the risk of pulmonary complications.
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