Abstract

This chapter discusses methods that were employed to quantify biofilm development. There are three principal components of a biofilm: living cells, dead cells, and intercellular polysaccharide. Living cells are estimated by plating cells from the biofilm on the surface of a suitable medium. Dead cells are quantified by counting the total number of cells in a sample from the biofilm and subtracting from it the number of viable cells. Extracellular polysaccharide is estimated by quantifying it colorimetrically in material removed from the biofilm. In addition to the methods employed, one can use transmission or scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser microscopy, substrate uptake, or measurement of a chemical specific to the cellular or extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) component of the biofilm.

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