Abstract

AbstractThe radical ion of the familiar hole‐transport material NPB (i.e., NPB⋅+) absorbs strongly in the blue region of the spectrum. Therefore, it can quench blue luminescence by Förster energy transfer. A high concentration of NPB⋅+ at the interface between an NPB hole‐transport layer (HTL) and a blue light‐emitting layer (LEL) severely limits the luminescence efficiency of the emitting blue dopant. The efficiency can be improved dramatically by modifying either (a) the anode contact with a thin layer of CuPc, thereby increasing the field strength in the HTL, or (b) the cathode contact with a thin layer of Bphen, thereby reducing the field strength in the LEL. Both strategies reduce the difference in electric field strength across the interface, reduce the interfacial concentration of NPB⋅+, and suppress the quenching. Experimental evidence is provided by a spectrum of electrochemically generated NPB⋅+, simultaneous photo‐ and electroluminescence measurements on model OLEDs, and electrical characterization of the devices.

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