Abstract
The cutaneous mucinoses are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by an abnormal accumulation of mucin within the skin. While the precise pathogenesis is unknown, cytokines (e.g. TNF, interleukin-1, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β) and/or polyclonal and monoclonal immunoglobulins may induce the synthesis of glycoaminoglycans. The cutaneous mucinoses are divided into: (1) primary mucinoses, in which the mucin deposition leads to clinically distinctive lesions and is the major histologic feature; and (2) secondary mucinoses, in which the mucin deposition is simply an associated finding. Primary mucinoses are further divided into degenerative–inflammatory forms (dermal or follicular) and hamartomatous–neoplastic forms. Major associated disorders include paraproteinemia (scleromyxedema, scleredema), diabetes mellitus (scleredema), thyroid disease (pretibial myxedema, generalized myxedema), and autoimmune connective tissue disease (lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis).
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