45Association of types of dietary fats and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of prospective studies with 1,148,117 participants

Abstract

Abstract Background The associations between dietary fats with mortality are poorly delineated. Purpose Using a large prospective cohort we evaluated the link between total fat, mono-unsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) consumption and all-cause, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and diabetes (T2D)-associated mortality in a representative sample of US adults. We then added our results to a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We evaluated 35,080 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 1988–1999 (19.2 years follow-up) and 1999–2010 (12 years follow-up), with vital status available through December 31, 2011. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate the association between baseline quartiles of fat consumption (g/day, 24h recall) and all-cause or cause-specific mortality. For the systematic review, selected databases were searched up to November 2018 and 29 prospective cohorts (n=1,148,117) met inclusion criteria. The DerSimonian-Laird method and generic inverse variance methods were used for random effects meta-analyses. Results In fully adjusted models from our prospective study, there was a negative association between total fat (hazard ratio [HR]:0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82, 0.99, Q4 vs. Q1) and PUFA (0.81,95% CI: 0.78–0.84) consumption and all-cause mortality (Figure), whereas SFA were positively associated with mortality (1.08, 95% CI: 1.04–1.11). In the meta-analysis we found a significant negative association between total fat (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82–0.97, I2:27%), MUFA (0.93, 95% CI: 0.87–0.99, I2:56%) and PUFA (0.86, 95% CI: 0.80–0.93, I2:63%) consumption and all-cause mortality. No significant association was observed between total fat and both CVD and CHD mortality (0.92, 95% CI: 0.79–1.08, I2:46%, and 1.03, 95% CI: 0.99–1.09, I2:42%, respectively), while a positive association between SFA intake and CHD mortality (1.10, 95% CI: 1.01–1.20, I2:52.6%) was observed. Neither MUFA nor PUFA were associated with CVD and CHD mortality. Inverse associations were observed between MUFA (0.80, 95% CI: 0.67–0.96, I2:0%) and PUFA (0.84, 95% CI: 0.80–0.90, I2:0%) intakes and stroke mortality. All-cause death and total fat intake. Conclusions Our results highlight differential associations of total fat, MUFA and PUFA intake with all-cause mortality, but no association of them with CVD and CHD mortalities. SFA intake was significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality inNHANES and with CHD mortality in our meta-analysis. The type of fat intake appears to be associated with important health outcomes. Acknowledgement/Funding None