Abstract
Abstract Background and Aims Dementia is characterized by a decline in cognition and an increasing inability to live independently. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are commonly used to treat gastric or duodenal ulcers. Recently, concern about the risk of dementia and exposure to PPI was noted. However, no known association has previously been reported in patients with diabetes. Method We analyzed data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between January 1st, 2002 and December 31st, 2013. A total of 526920 diabetic patients were selected as the study cohort. A 1 to 4 propensity score was used for matching. Results During the follow-up period, 169 (2.2%) patients experienced newly diagnosed dementia compared to 1.7% of the control group. According to univariate analysis, the hazard ratio of dementia when exposed to PPI was 1.98(p = 0.0007). In multivariate analysis, the hazard ratio of exposure to PPI was 1.11 (p = 0.0008). In the sensitivity test, greater than 180 cDDDs were associated with a hazard ratio of 1.5 (p = 0.0006). Conclusion The association between PPI use and dementia was significant in diabetic patients. Therefore, PPI use should be cautious in this population. Further study is needed to clarify the mechanism.
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