Abstract
Introduction and Aims: Abnormal cervical screening results are common in the climacteric and the postmenopause. Several studies illustrate increased prevalence of HPV related dysplasias in these non-HPV vaccinated cohorts. The low sensitivity of cytology in menopause is attributed to aspects of smear taking and preparation. Vaginal atrophy, a consequence of declining estrogens causes discomfort while the smear is being obtained and is related with poor preservation of the nucleus (false positive results) and low celularity (false negative results).
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