Abstract
Paleoseismology is the study of prehistoric or preinstrumental earthquakes. Paleoearthquakes are recognized by observations and analyses of geologic or environmental conditions within fault zones or in tectonically or seismically active regions. Paleoseismic data provide information about earthquakes over scales of time and magnitude that are useful for seismic hazard assessment, and essential for understanding long-term rupture patterns of faults. Important models of fault behavior that are based on paleoseismic data include segmentation, characteristic earthquakes, and time- or slip-predictable recurrence models. Paleoseismic data are applied to estimate magnitudes of past earthquakes, forecasting the locations and magnitudes of future earthquakes, and identifying areas susceptible to fault rupture. Recent advances in paleoseismology include developing chronologies of more than 10 surface ruptures for major faults such as the San Andreas Fault, and reducing uncertainty in slip rates and dates of paleoearthquakes from advances in geochronology methods.
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