Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, comprising approximately 3% of all adult malignancies and 90-95% of neoplasms derived from the kidney. RCCs can be sporadic or associated with genetic syndromes. RCCs are categorized into subtypes according to the 2016 WHO system: clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, emerging/provisional, and unclassified RCCs. Accurate classification of RCCs is essential for appropriate clinical management and prognosis prediction. RCCs are classified by molecular and histopathological subtypes, but some renal tumors are diagnostically challenging due to having a combination of features that are characteristic of different subtypes.
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