Abstract
Chemical analysis of biomarkers generates information of great importance to environmental forensic investigations in terms of determining the source of spilled oil, differentiating and correlating oils, and monitoring the degradation process and weathering state of oils under a wide variety of conditions. In this chapter, we provide discussion on (1) biomarker chemistry, including the “isoprene rule” and biomarker families and labeling system and nomenclature of biomarkers; (2) analytical methodologies for biomarker separation, analysis, and the identification of biomarkers; (3) biomarker distributions in crude oils and various petroleum products, including sesquiterpane and diamondoid biomarkers in oils and lighter petroleum products, diagnostic ratios and cross-plots of biomarkers, and source-specific biomarkers; (4) weathering effects on oil and biomarker fingerprinting; and (5) application of biomarkers for oil spill-source identification, oil correlation and differentiation.
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