Abstract
This chapter focuses on the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which can be broken down into two subsystems: the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and somatic nervous system. The ANS unconsciously integrates information from internal and external environments to maintain total body homeostasis. The ANS is further subdivided into the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. Many target tissues are influenced by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which may work antagonistically or cooperatively. Dysfunction of the ANS causes organ-specific or organ system-specific disease.
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