Abstract
This chapter discusses drying of gel silica monoliths. The ratio of the bound water to free water (Fb/FF) will increase because FF decreases as the volume fraction of pores decreases and Fb increases as the total amount of water decreases. The increase in thickness of the bound water layer as drying progresses is accompanied by a progressively increasing vaporization point of the remaining amount of free water. Higher temperatures are necessary to remove the last amounts of free water from the pores. There are three stages of drying. The rate of drying through the opaque stage is the critical kinetics factor in preventing crack initiation.Successful drying of large gel monoliths requires control of the drying rate through the opaque stage and elimination of processing defects during mixing, casting, and gelation.
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