4. Common ectoparasites of the camel and their control

Abstract

The major ectoparasites affecting both dromedary (Arabian) and Bactrian camels are considered in this review together with their involvement, where known, in disease transmission. Sarcoptic mange, caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. cameli, is a serious, contagious and debilitating disease affecting both Camelus species and recommendations are given for the treatment and control of this condition. Ticks play a less important role with camels than with some other domestic livestock as vectors of major diseases but can cause severe debility where heavy infestation occurs. Wohlfahrtia magnifica is arguably the most important of the myiasis-producing flies parasitizing camels although the camel-specific nasal bot fly, Cephalopina titillator, is widespread in some areas. Many species of biting and nuisance flies pester camels and can act as vectors of human and zoonotic diseases as well as mechanically transmitting infections between camels. The relative importance of fleas and lice is also considered. The more common ectoparasites of camels are clearly illustrated. It is hoped that the review will assist veterinary surgeons and others concerned with the health and welfare of camels in preventing, controlling and treating this important group of parasites.