Abstract
The Bishopric of Calahorra's development between its re-foundation in 1045 and the death of Bishop Rodrigo Cascante in 1190 was spectacular. Calahorra's transformation occurred within the more specific framework provided by the Leonese-Castilian Church, which developed under the forceful direction of strong kings whose authority relied on their control of major ecclesiastical institutions. Calahorra's late and limited development was determined by its geographical location in the highly volatile political frontier zone that separated Christian and Muslim Iberia, and the northern Christian kingdoms of Navarre, Leon-Castile, Castile, and Aragon at different times during the period. Differences in the ways in which Calahorra's development was affected by its frontier condition also responded to more general transformations in the nature of episcopal power during this long twelfth century. The highly personalized and politicized power of Calahorra's bishops rendered the see exceptionally vulnerable to regional political changes. Keywords:Bishop; Calahorra; Leon-Castile; Navarre; Rodrigo Cascante
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