4-Chloroskimmetine-based derivatives as potential anticancer and antibacterial prospects: Their synthesis and in vitro inspections

Abstract

Cancer and bacterial infections are among the most high-interest health threats facing humanity. The growing resistance to current-found anticancer and antibacterial drugs necessitates the exploration of new, effective agents. To synthesize some of them, 4-chloroskimmetine (4-CSM), with undefined biological effects, was used as a building block to create thirteen of its derived coumarins. This precursor and a Bargellini reaction were used to produce the first coumarin, designated Y0. From which, twelve coumarins coded Y1-Y12 were created by esterifying Y0 with various halophenols using the SOCl2-promoted reaction. The FTIR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR spectra were analyzed to ascertain the chemical framework of the created coumarins. Their potential to function as anticancer prospects was evaluated against six cancer-derived populations employing a preliminary MTT-facilitated methodology. These populations were MCF-7, HeLa, SKG, AMN3, SK-OV-3, and KYSE-30. On the other hand, the broth microdilution protocol was followed to specify the antibacterial activity against six high-infective aerobes. These include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella dysenteriae, Haemophilus influenza, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi. The results of the first evaluation indicated that the presence of fluoride on the off-side aromatic ring afforded the most potent anticancer activity, and Y5 was the best. For the second activity, the same findings are true, but when the halogen is chloride and Y2 is the superior one. The authors concluded that 4-CSM, can be exploited to create bioactive coumarins with anticancer and antibacterial activities. Also, Y5 and Y2 can be considered promising structural templates for producing potent anticancer and antibacterial medications, respectively.