Abstract
The rubber industry has been dominated by petroleum-based synthetic rubbers, especially those made by styrene–butadiene polymerization. As awareness of the environmental effects and costs of petroleum have increased, so has the need to find suitable replacements. A biopolymer is a polymer that is derived from a natural source and is renewable. It is a replacement for petroleum-based products. For polymers the terms “renewably sourced” and “biobased” mean the same thing. They refer to a material that contains carbon originating from a renewable plant source. Materials are defined as renewably sourced when they contain a minimum of 20% by weight of plant-sourced ingredients according to the ASTM definition D6866. The ASTM D6866 text was published in 2004 under the title “Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Natural Range Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Analysis.”
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