4 - Architecture and applications of Internet of Things in smart grids

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to connecting people and things at any time, in any location, with anyone and anything, and through any network and any service. As a result, IoT is a massive dynamic global network architecture of internet-enabled things that provide online services. The smart grid (SG) is one of the essential IoT applications. SG is a power grid–integrated data communications network that collects and analyzes data from transmission lines, distribution substations, and consumers. So, the implementation of IoT in SGs is presented in this study. As a result, an introduction to the importance of IoT implementation in SGs is offered first. Then, IoT applications at three different levels of generation, transmission, and distribution are presented. The generation level is made up of IoT applications in renewable energy resources, including wind, solar, and thermal generation. The adoption of IoT at the transmission level addresses congestion management in the electrical system while also ensuring system security. The consequences of IoT in distribution networks, smart cities, microgrids, and smart buildings are assessed at the distribution level.