제4차 산업혁명시대 사회･경제구조의 변화와 소득 불평등 완화 방안

Abstract

The most serious social problem in Korean society in the 20th century was poverty, but the most serious social problem in the 21st century is inequality. Changes in production and social structure due to the development of intelligent information technology lead to diversity and uncertainty in the labor market, inevitably changing the nature of jobs and work together. More specifically, technological innovation increases irregular employment forms such as special forms of work in the labor market and platform labor, but the flexibility of the labor market often makes it difficult to guarantee the basic rights guaranteed by Articles 32 and 33 of the current Constitution and the Labor Standards Act. And this inevitably leads to the problem of job insecurity. The problem of income inequality, which can be the main cause of social polarization, is basically a social phenomenon, that is, a social problem. And these social problems originate from various subsystems and from the interaction of subsystems. However, there is a limit to the constitution's preventive function in this problem of income inequality. In contrast, the post-mortem task of the consequences of income inequality is absolute at the abstract level. This is because social polarization due to income inequality is one of the social tasks of the Constitution, which is a situation that must be overcome by the Constitution. On the other hand, the diversity and uncertainty of the labor market threaten the current social security system centered on social insurance designed around wage labor on the premise of full employment. In a situation where the number of groups whose judgment on workerhood is ambiguous under traditional standards is increasing, it is difficult for the social insurance system centered on wage workers and dependence on use to properly play a role as a social safety net. As a way to improve this, the reform of the income-oriented social insurance system and the introduction of a universal social security system such as basic income or basic services are being discussed. This system relieves blind spots in the social security area, raising expectations that the state can contribute to realizing the social tasks of the Constitution in a very forward-looking manner. Now is the time to examine the social tasks of the Constitution to alleviate income inequality in the social transformation period such as the 4th Industrial Revolution, and it is time for full-scale discussions to take place.