Abstract
Volcanic gases from the submerged caldera of Sakurajima Volcano are characterized by 3 He 4 He = 6.1R A , CH 4 3 He ≈ 10 9 , and a ratio of excess ΣCO 2 to 3He of 140 × 10 9. Helium in the Kagoshima Bay waters is a mixture of volcanic helium and atmospheric-solubility helium in surface waters, and provides a strong signature for seawater injected into the protocaldera by flow through the volcanic edifice, the probable source of the warm deep water that replaces the colder, more saline deep water of the North Basin in November.
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