Abstract
A model set of equations for the low-frequency electromagnetic perturbations in a magnetized nonuniform plasma is presented. A more convenient and systematic procedure is suggested to treat the fluid equations in order to deduce electrostatic and electromagnetic limits. A general dispersion relation is derived for the waves propagating in 3D under local approximation in nonuniform plasmas, which includes almost all the known modes of cold ion magnetized plasmas in the limit ω < Ω i (where Ω i is the ion cyclotron frequency). Both the limits β ≪ 1 and β ∼ O(1) have been discussed briefly. The shear Alfven waves and electromagnetic ion acoustic waves near ultra low frequency (ULF) range are found unstable in the high β plasma of magnetopause. The results are in complete agreement with the satellite observations.
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